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註釋Preface Introduction 1 Plato The Pre-Socratic Philosophers The Sophists. Socrates Plato: HIs Life and Works The Gorgias The Republic The Republic: Selection of the Guardians and Their Manner of Living The Republic: The Definition of Justice The Republic: Education of the Guardians The Republic: The Four Stages of Cognition The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave The Republic: The Decline of the Best State The Republic: Concluding Observations The Laws Conclusions Suggestions for Further Readings 2 Aristotle Aristotle: His Life and Works Aristotle's Metaphysics Nicomachean Ethics Theoretical and Practical Reason The Politics: The Nature of the Polis Household Management Aristotle's Criticism of Plato's Republic Types of Political Order Conclusions Suggestions for Further Readings 3 The Hellenistic Age and the Roman Lawyers The Early Cynics Epicureanism. Stoicism The Revision of Stoicism Polybius Cicero The Roman Law Conclusions Suggestions for Further Readings 4 St. Augustine and the Early Middle Ages The Hebraic Tradition. Early Christianity The Christian Creeds Augustine: His Life and Works Augustine's Conception of Human Nature The City of God and the City of Babylon Augustine's Conception of the State Augustine on Slavery and Property Greek and Christian Thought Compared Church and State in the Early Middle Ages Law in the Early Middle Ages Law in the Early Middle Ages Feudalism Conclusions Suggestions for Further Readings 5 St. Thomas Aquinas and the High Middle Ages Recovery of Greek Philosophy Aquinas: His Life and Works Reason and Revelation Political Philosophy Virtue Law Political Structure Conclusions Suggestions for Further Readings 6 Machiavelli The Renaissance Machiavelli: His Life and Works The Prince The Discourses Conclusions Suggestions for Further Readings 7 Thomas Hobbes and The Intellectual Revolution of the Seventeenth Century Seventeenth Century The Rise of Modern Science The Reaction of the Church Rene Descartes (1596-1650) Hobbes: His Life and Works Leviathan The First Part: Of Man The Second Part: Of Commonwealth The Third Part: Of a Christian Commonwealth The Fourth Part: Of the Kingdom of Darkness Conclusions Suggestions for Further Readings 8 John Locke. Locke: His Life and Works An Essay Concerning Human Understanding The Two Treatises. First Treatise Second Treatise Conclusions Suggestions for Further Readings 9 Jean-Jacques Rousseau Rousseau: His LIfe and Works Discourse on the Sciences and Arts (The First Discourse) Discourse on Inequality (The Second Discourse) On the Social Contract The General Will with Moral Liberty Popular Sovereignty and Participation The Institutional Structure within the Political System Conclusions Suggestions for Further Readings 10 Utilitarianism: John Stuart Mill Bentham and John Stuart Mill Bentham: HIs Life and Works Mill: His Life and Works Utilitarianism Reconsidered On Liberty Government and Society Conclusions Suggestions for Further Readings 11 Karl Marx Marx: His Life and Works Philosophic Background Historical Materialism Economics Conclusions Suggestions for Further Readings.