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Cow Behaviour and Managerial Aspects of Fully Automatic Milking in Loose Housing Systems

出版	Wageningen University & Research Centre, 1999*
ISBN	90580805369789058080530
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=pE5jOgAACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋The cows' social hierarchy only affected the timing of forage eating and AMS visits. Cow routing procedures that more or less forced cows to visit the AMS because that was the only way they could reach the forage appeared to be questionable with regard to the cows' adaptation to the AMS environment. In these cases of forced cow routing, eating behaviour seemed to be postponed or even thwarted and there was more idle standing. Free cow traffic, during which cows could themselves decide when to visit the AMS, did not appear to suit the farmer because the milking frequency of individual cows was not sufficiently reliable. A third type of cow traffic in which cows could move freely between the feeding and lying areas but had to pass through the AMS to reach the concentrate feeder appeared to be a good solution for both the farmer and the cows. The cows paid sufficient visits to the AMS, had shorter waiting times in front of the concentrate feeder and less aggression was seen there. Supplying new concentrate every four hours instead of every two hours increased the time spent resting in the barn.