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註釋Developed by the American Orthopaedic Association and published by AAOS. This unique book addresses virtually every aspect of nontraumatic osteonecrosis. Osteonecrosis documents cutting-edge developments in diagnosis and treatment. Its highly clinical focus helps physicians identify and treat this "silent" disease before major damage occurs. It also enables surgeons to evaluate treatment alternatives, such as core decompression, osteotomy, bone grafting, and arthroplasty. Important research into free vascularized grafting is detailed, including methodology and results from studies carried out in medical centers in the U.S., Canada, Greece, and Italy. The research covers more than 1,300 cases followed up for a minimum of two years. The incidence of osteonecrosis is on the rise, due largely to the increasing use of corticosteroids. Other leading causes include excessive alcohol intake, trauma, blood dyscrasias, hypercoagulability, and dysbaria. Most forms of the disease affect adults under the age of 50. Osteonecrosis brings together the research and discussion of more than 70 physicians and scientists from the U.S. and around the world. Its articles were originally presented at an AOA workshop held at Duke University in November 1996.