This book reveals the significant differences between Chinese and western culture: the epistemology and values originated from Pre-qin Period and from ancient Greek culture, as well as keeping social stability and subsistence. Despite the hierarchy is the essence of structural properties of human society, the continental civilization of the ancient Chinese agrarian economy is different from the Marine civilization of the economy of ancient Egypt, ancient India, ancient Babylon, ancient Greek and Roman from the perspective of touch point of thinking driven by material and linear way of thinking dominated by the visual horizon. In other words, the way of people’s survival is vital to the formation of thinking modes. Therefore, from the very beginning of China's social labor division, the naturally formed, mutual beneficial exchange relationships were distorted. There did not exist equality, mutual benefit and equivalent exchange generated in the soil of the civilized social relations. So, equality is key to explore Chinese humanities and human rights. In 81 B.C., the central government of the Han Dynasty held the discussion about state monopoly of salt and iron as well as cargo policy, price control, currency circulation and alcohol selling etc. Although under the name of the discussion of salt and iron, it was a summary of experiences and lessons of politics, economy, culture, diplomacy and military etc. from Shang, Zhou and Qin Dynasties. The discussion is an unprecedented one of Confucianism vs Legalism in the ancient Chinese social superstructure, which reflects the vitality of Chinese gentleman, namely, the inherited claim by the Pre-qin Confucius, Mencius and Zhuangzi of restraining the powerful while helping the weak. From then on, the thoughts of Confucius, Mencius and Zhuangzi were established as the leading in the Chinese traditional culture. But in the after two thousand years in the Chinese history there was no jump in the course of politics, economy, ideology and culture. In other words, the dawn of civilization such as freedom of speech and thought appeared in Shang, Zhou and Han Dynasties never ever appeared.