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Favela, Network and Identity in a Complex City

其他書名	A Comparative Neighbourhood Study in Rio de Janeiro
出版	King's College, London, 2015
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=qT8iDQEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋Although they continue to suffer from high levels of poverty, exclusion, and stigmatisation, Rio de Janeiro's favelas have undergone significant processes of social transformation and diversification in recent years. Notable trends include rising incomes, increased state investment and changing patterns of security and violence. However, these trends vary significantly both within and between different favelas, presenting a major analytical challenge for researchers. In particular they raise the question of how to conceive the causal dynamics shaping social conditions and individual outcomes in favelas in terms of scale, process, and agency. This thesis seeks to respond to this question, presenting qualitative research undertaken in two contrasting favelas that exhibit diverse and contradictory trends. Using a 'relational comparative' methodological approach it conceives these case studies as both comparable and interconnected within common systems that shape them materially and symbolically. While drawing on the insights from political economy approaches, the thesis proposes an 'urban social complexity' analytical model, which views favelas as shaped by complex interactions between various processes, both economic and non-economic, across different scales. This model mobilises the key analytical concepts of "complexity"--Interactions between multiple entities that drive emergent and non-linear forms of development - and "assemblage"--the coming together of these entities into stable and knowable - configurations. Using this framework, it is argued that Rio's favelas are powerfully shaped by a set of spatially sensitive "urban processes" that are interlinked but loosely assembled at the city scale, meaning they can intersect in unpredictable ways in different favelas.