返回Google圖書搜尋

Geospatial Tools for Minimizing the Impact of Oil Related Activities in the Ecuadorian Amazon

出版	King's College London, 2009
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=qX9KtwAACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋The aim of this research is to provide a means of rapid prioritization of pipeline maintenance by simulating the potential dispersion and impact of pipeline leaks along the Auca main pipeline, which lies upstream of the internationally important Yasuni National Park. The research is based at the Auca oil fields of the Ecuadorian Amazon. These fields are critically important in economic terms for Ecuador but are also upstream of extremely environmentally sensitive areas. Much of the former Texaco infrastructure is now more than 30 years old and corrosion is a significant problem. Therefore, because of pipeline age, the potential for land and river contamination by oil and chemicals used in drilling oil dehydratation and oil transportation is high. The greatest potential for contamination is from pipeline leaks. First, a general overview of the literature outlines how oil exploitation and processing has affected rivers and land of the Ecuadorian Amazon. Then, the research methodology is developed in order to get a better understanding of oil behaviour and to calculate oil dispersion rates in rivers under different physical conditions (river flow, oil volume, API gravity, and land and vegetation properties). -- The methodology of research is presented as three parts: (a): Field work for oil behaviour under different environmental conditions, (b): the development of a GIS with data on pipelines, rivers topography, vegetation, roads, settlements/population, biodiversity and dynamic flow and (c): dispersion modelling using an existing PCRaster model for flow and contaminant dispersion (Mulligan, 2005). Through the use of the geo-spatial tools, and with laboratory analysis of oil behaviour in the environment, we are able to tackle the following questions: (1) What is the dispersion velocity of oil in rivers of the Ecuadorian Amazon under particular leakage and environmental conditions?