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Essays in Applied Economics

出版	University of Rochester, 2023
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=r5Nt0AEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋"This thesis consists of three independent essays in applied economics. Chapter 1 evaluates the impact of high-tech clusters on inequality by focusing on a Chinese placed-based industrial policy called "Made in China 2025". We conduct an event-study analysis to investigate the effects of high-tech clusters on labor demand, wages, and living costs across occupations and regions. We find that the pilot cities experience a significant increase in online job vacancies and offered wages relative to non-pilot cities. At the same time, the wage gap between non-routine and routine occupations widens. On the contrary, this policy lowers labor demand and wages in neighboring areas of the pilot cities. Combining the labor market effects with increasing living costs in the pilot cities, we demonstrate that the welfare of nonroutine job workers and workers in the neighboring areas disproportionately declines with the construction of high-tech clusters. Our results suggest that policymakers should be cautious about occupational and regional inequalities when constructing high-tech clusters. Chapter 2 investigates whether and how top executives impact their firm's hiring behavior in terms of employment, job postings and job posting requirements. I construct a unique dataset that provides information on top executives, firm characteristics, and job postings for S&P1500 companies from 2010 to 2019. This dataset enables me to track top executives in different firms over the sample period. Executive fixed effects explain significant variation in employment, number of job postings, experience and skills required by each job posting. Moreover, CEOs with a business degree, are correlated with more job postings but fewer years of education or experience required. CEOs with an MBA are correlated with fewer job postings but more years of education. Finally, Chapter 3 studies more than one-third of individuals who experience long-COVID. The objective is to identify risk factors associated with long-COVID. This was a retrospective case-control study including 31 health systems in the United States from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). Multi-variable logistic regression, random forest, and XGBoost were used to determine the associations between risk factors and PASC. We find that, middle-age categories, female sex, hospitalization associated with COVID-19, long or extended hospital stay, receipt of mechanical ventilation, and several comorbidities including depression, chronic lung disease, and obesity were associated with increased likelihood of PASC diagnosis or care at a long-COVID clinic. Characteristics associated with a lower likelihood of PASC diagnosis or care at a long-COVID clinic included younger age (18 to 29 years), male sex, non-Hispanic Black race, and comorbidities such as substance abuse, cardiomyopathy, psychosis, and dementia. More doctors per capita in the county of residence was associated with an increased likelihood of PASC diagnosis or care at a long-COVID clinic."--Pages ix-x.