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State-of-the Art Survey and Evaluation of Marsh Plant Establishment Techniques

其他書名	Induced and Natural
出版	School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan, 1974
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=rdnwAAAAMAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋Knowledge of marsh and aquatic plant establishment was assessed by reviewing the literature and contacting agencies and individuals likely to have relevant information. Factors that affect plant establishment in saltwater areas include tides, salinity, drainage, aeration, water table, rainfall, soil, evaporation, temperature, biota, water depth, light penetration, and current and wave action. In freshwater areas water levels or depths, substrate, water quality, turbidity, and currents and wave action are particularly important to plant establishment Aquatic and marsh plants propagate naturally by both seeds and vegetative parts. The propagules are dispersed by wind, water animals, and man. By controlling various environmental factors, it is possible to promote and encourage the natural invasion and growth of aquatic and marsh plants, especially in freshwater systems. In many cases, plantings of aquatic and marsh plants will be necessary to vegetate a new substrate. Seeding appears to be the least expensive procedure, but environmental conditions must be favorable or success will be low. Transplants usually provide faster establishment and are hardier than seedlings. Efforts at establishing Spartina alterniflora in Atlantic coast marshes have shown good results.