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註釋The invasion of northern and central Italy by Napoleon's army in 1796 resulted in an exacerbation of the chronic economic crisis of northern Italy and in a deterioration of the already harsh living conditions of the Italian peasants. Between 1796-99 several uprisings took place throughout the country against the occupiers. The Jews, who had been favored by the French with dissolution of the ghetto and the granting of civil rights, were seen as allies of the French. They became the object of the peasants' hatred, fueled by traditional negative stereotypes about Jews. Several Jewish communities suffered attacks; in some places, Jews were murdered and their property was destroyed. Only in 1800 did the French succeed in quelling the uprising and restoring order.