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An American Crusader

其他書名	William Temple Hornaday and Wildllife Protection in America, 1840-1940
出版	Lehigh University, 2001
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=ruKCHwAACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋William Temple Hornaday was born on December 1, 1854 in Indiana. He died on March 6, 1937 in Stamford, Connecticut. He is primarily remembered for being an advocate of wildlife conservation and as director of the New York Zoological Park in the Bronx from 1896 to 1926. Historians have tended to view Hornaday in a negative light, believing he was a divisive presence motivated by guilt and a desire for fame. This dissertation argues that Hornaday's career developed in a rational and progressive course from collector of zoological specimens to leader of the preservationist wing of the wildlife protection movement. In between, Hornaday was a pioneering taxidermist, author of numerous books and articles on natural history, director of the New York Zoological Park, and advocate of wildlife protection. The glue that bound these multiple careers together into a single thread was Hornaday's view that the public should have access to the wonderful world of nature. At first, adding specimens to museum shelves and presenting them in a more realistic manner sufficed. Later, core species of animals needed to be protected to insure against extinction. By the 1920s Hornaday realized that hunting presented a real threat to the survivability of animal populations. Hornaday was governed by an ideology of his own making which acted as a compass that directed his conservation activities. He believed that technological advances in hunting technology combined with business interests that profited from killing could drive any species to extinction. At first, he worked with sportsmen to eliminate market hunting. Later, he came to regard hunting as a big business which could make millions of dollars by fostering the killing of game. In addition to lobbying for scores of state and federal laws, Hornaday made two great contributions to the history of wildlife protection. First, he developed a message that stressed man's moral responsibility to protect wildlife. Second, he defined the preservationist wing of the wildlife protection wing, sowing seeds that would be harvested by generations following the end of the Second World War.