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Review of Negative Hydrogen Ion Sources
註釋In the early seventies, significant discoveries for H( - ) ion sources were made at Novosibirsk. These and many improvements which followed have led to useful accelerator sources. With these sources charge-exchange injection into circular accelerators has become desirable and routine. This paper reviews the major developments leading to practical H( - ) sources. Different types and variations of these sources with some basic physics and operation will be described. The operating parameters and beam characteristics of these sources will be given.