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The AOI: The Impact of a Newly Developed Instruction on Eyewitness Accuracy

出版	California State University, Los Angeles, 2019
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=ukRpzQEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋Research has shown that instructional bias may influence eyewitness decision making when the culprit is absent, thus potentially resulting in a false identification. Historically, law enforcement has addressed this issue by reading an instruction to witnesses before viewing the suspect, which informs them that they should not assume that the actual culprit is present in the group. This is referred to as the "may or may not be there" instruction, or the "admonition" in the law enforcement community. In 1999, the Department of Justice recommended that a "continue-to-investigate" instruction be read before lineup procedure to reduce pressure in eyewitnesses. Consequently, a new instruction called the additional-opportunities instruction, or the AOI, was developed. The AOI was designed to inform eyewitnesses that in case of a nonidentification, law enforcement will continue to investigate the case, which can lead to additional opportunities in the future for another chance to identify a suspect. An examination of the AOI in lab showup conditions demonstrated a decrease in false identifications, with only a slight cost to accurate identifications. In this experiment, participants witnessed a minor crime, and then received the AOI before either a showup or lineup identification procedure. Results indicated that regardless of instruction type, choosing rates were higher in showup conditions compared to lineup conditions. The rate of choosing was also higher in culprit-present conditions compared to culprit-absent conditions. When examining eyewitness accuracy, no significant results indicated that the AOI reduced false identifications