Throughout all of the formulations of the basic equations of gravitation, quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, the nuclear physics and their application to the real world, there appear again and again certain fundamental invariant quantities called the fundamental physical constants –which are generally believed to be both universal in nature and have constant value in time. This book discusses the calculations and Interpretations of the Fundamental Constants which consistently appear in the basic equations of theoretical physics upon which the entire scientific study rests, nor are they properties of the fundamental particles of physics of which all matter is constituted. The speed of light signifies a maximum speed for any object while the fine-structure constant characterizes the strength of the electromagnetic interaction. An accurate knowledge of fundamental constants is therefore essential if we hope to achieve an accurate quantitative description of our physical universe. The careful study of the numerical values of the fundamental constants − as determined from various experiments − can in turn determine the overall consistency and correctness of the basic theories of physics themselves.