註釋 The purposes of the study were: (1) to explore the relationship between and among the selected characteristics and the students' choice of study option; (2) to determine whether or not there is a single characteristic, or a particular combination of factors, that distinguishes the students in independent study from those in the traditional lecture classes; (3) to determine whether or not there is a correlation between the degree of internality manifested and the number of independent study courses undertaken; and, (4) to generate data on which to base further research into the contribution of independent study methods in increasing students' self-reliance and perceptions of autonomy. 