Studying the relationship between different aspects of social behaviour and the oxytocin system in nonhuman animal species is a promising research area which may also have translational relevance for understanding the neuro-hormonal bases of human social cognitive abilities. In order to advance our understanding of social-behavioural effects of oxytocin, this Research Topic eBook collects together contributions from researchers in social cognition and related fields, whose work addresses cutting-edge questions and important gaps in our knowledge of the behavioural effects of oxytocin in dogs and other domestic species.