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Is Openness Associated with Growth?
註釋The objective of this study is to examine the effect of trade openness on economic growth for ASEAN and the distribution of benefit from free trade among the main trade partners of ASEAN. Trade share and tariff rate are used as indicators of openness, and fixed effect estimation with a panel data from 1988 to 2010 reveals that openness turns out to have a significant and negative effect on growth for ASEAN. Using OLS residual as an instrument to explore the partial effect of openness among the main trade partners, results indicate ASEAN tends to benefit from trading with the less developed world while experiencing slower GDP growth as a result of trading with the developed economies.