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註釋The Global Positioning System (GPS) delivers an extremely precise positioning, navigation, and timing signal to users around the world. Originally launched for U.S. military use, in the years since its signal was made available to the private sector, it has enabled innovators to develop a host of applications, services, and products. These advances have led to substantial gains in productivity, efficiency, and personal enjoyment. The focus of our analysis was on the estimation of the economic benefits of GPS to the U.S. private sector. We provide estimates from two perspectives. First, we quantified the value of GPS relative to alternative technologies and systems for the period from 1984 to 2017. Second, we estimated what the potential impacts would be if a GPS outage were to occur today.