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The Ecology of Macromycetes in Roadside Verges Planted with Trees

出版	Landbouwuniversiteit te Wageningen, 1993
ISBN	90548513179789054851318
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=yPdEAAAAYAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋Three main vegetation types were distinguished, the Mnium hornum type of forest roads, the semiruderal Anthriscus sylvestris type of open to shady plots and the Hypochaeris radicata type of open, rather nutrient poor plots. For the ectomycorrhizal fungi, four types were recognized: the Xerocomus rubellus-, the Russula ochroleuca-, the Cortinarius erythrinus- and the Hebeloma mesophaeum type, characteristic for shady plots, semiruderal open to shady plots, open nutrient poor plots and open plots with young trees respectively. In the ordination, the environmental factors tree age, exposition of the plot and Ellenberg N indication values were most important. In the plots of the R. ochroleuca type a thicker organic layer and larger amounts of soluble and total nitrogen were present. Based on the saprotrophic fungi, three communities were distinguished: the Psathyrella fulvescens-, the Mycena avenacea- and the Collybia cookei type. The latter is a small, weakly characterized type. The P. fulvescens type comprises shady to open plots with several vegetation types, the M. avenacea type open plots with a short, grassy vegetation. Most important environmental factors for the distinction of the types were "openness" tree age, Ellenberg N- indication values and thickness of the organic layer. The communities of saprotrophic fungi corresponded better with the vegetation types than the communities of mycorrhizal fungi. The classification of the oak and beech plots together on the basis of the green plants is largely analogous to the classifications of oak and beech plots separately. For the saprotrophic fungi, Ellenberg N values, thickness of the organic layer and the openness of the plots are determining factors in the classification of the plots. However, for the classification of the plots using the ectomycorrhizal fungi the tree species is the most important parameter. Within the oak and beech group, the classification resembles the classifications of oak and beech plots separately. In plots with eutraphent vegetation nonhost-specific ectomycorrhizal fungi dominate. In such plots the ectomycorrhizal mycoflora of oak and beech plots is more or less similar. A comparison of the fungal communities of roadside verges with forest communities of the same tree species was made. Comparison with Dutch oak forest communities revealed that 42 ectomycorrhizal species were found to be differential for roadside verges and 39 for forests. 16 species were indifferent. Among the saprophytes, 24 species were differential for roadside verges, at least 62 for forests and 24 were indifferent. Only the Dicrano-Quercetum showed resemblance with some types of oak plots. The main difference with the other types of oak forest is the larger number of ectomycorrhizal fungi in roadside verges. Regarding the saprotrophic fungi, roadside verges differ profoundly from forests. Terrestrial raw humus inhabiting and lignicolous fungi are mostly restricted to forests, whereas typical grassland fungi were mostly found in roadside plots.