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An Investigation of Perceptual-motor and WISC-R Performance and Cognitive Style Characteristics of Retarded and Non-retarded Readers

出版	Eastern Washington University, 1979
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=yWFouAAACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋"The purpose of this study was twofold: To determine the efficacy of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R), Memory-For-Design, Bender-Gestalt, and Trail-Making Test as instruments for discriminating reading disabled from non-reading disabled; and to determine whether or not reading disabled children differ from non-reading children with respect to certain cognitive style dimension. In regards to the cognitive style dimension, it was speculated that reading disabled children would differ from adequate readers by being: (a) more field dependent (according to the Children Embedded Figure Test), (b) more impulsive (according to the Matching Familiar Figures Test), (c) more externally oriented in locus of control (according to the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children), and (d) more highly extraverted (according to the Gibson Spiral Maze). Twenty-four children comprising two groups were matched on the basis of age and IQ, and were identified as either reading disabled (RD) or non-reading disabled (NRD) as a result of academic screening accomplished with the Reading subtest of the Wide Range Achievement Test. Both groups were administered the WISC-R, Memory- For-Designs (MFD), Bender-Gestalt (B-G), Trail-Making Test (TMT), Children's Embedded Figure Test (CEFT), Matching Familiar Figure Test (MFFT), Gibson Spiral Haze (G-S-H), and the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children (I-E scale). All tests were administered and scored according to standard procedure. A mixed analysis-of-variance on the groups' WISC-R scaled score performance showed differences between individual subtests, and interaction of groups and subtests, significant at the .05 and .01 level respectively. Significant differences between the groups on Digit Span, Block Design and Coding at the .01 level were noted, all in favor of the NRD group. Mean differences between the two groups on the HFD, B-G, and TifT were subjected to tö-tests for difference between 2 independent means. The groups were found to differ significantly on the MFD, B-G and parts A plus B of the TMT (p