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Are You Scared Yet? Variations to Cue Components Elicits Differential Prey Behavioral Responses Even when Gape-limited Predators are Relatively Small

出版	Bowling Green State University, 2022
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=yuBhzwEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋Anti-predator behavior is often evoked based on measurements of risk calculated from sensory cues emanating from predators independent of physical attack. Yet, the exact sensory components of cues utilized in risk assessment remain largely unknown. To examine how different predatory cue components are used to assess risk, we presented prey with various cues from sub-lethal gape-limited predators. Rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus) were exposed to predatory odors from sub-lethal sized largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802)) to test the effects of changing predator abundance, relative size relationships, and total predator length in flow through mesocosms. Foraging, shelter use, and movement behavior were used to measure cue effects. Foraging time was decreased by the interaction between predator abundance and total predator size (p = 0.030). Specifically, exposure to high predator abundance caused a decrease in foraging efforts as gape ratio increased. Sheltering time was positively influenced by the interaction between predator abundance and total predator size when predator abundance was intermediate (p = 0.026). Crayfish increased exploration time when predator totals were intermediate and high (p = 0.019). Thus, this study shows crayfish can use three different predatory cue components in risk assessment but do so in context specific ways.