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Effects of Tendon and Plantar Cutaneo-muscular Vibration on Postural Control During Quiet and Perturbed Standing

出版	McGill University, 2009
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=yuZbnQAACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋Modulation of lower limb somatosensory information can have a profound effect on postural orientation and balance control during both quiet and perturbed stance. Vibration is a powerful stimulus known to activate the muscle spindle Ia afferents as well as the cutaneous receptors and causes directionally specific, vibration-induced falling reactions. These reactions have been well-documented during quiet stance. However, little is known of the effects of manipulating, either separately or concurrently, somatosensory inputs arising from the muscle and plantar cutaneous receptors on the postural strategies triggered to maintain balance during quiet and especially perturbed stance. The aim of this thesis was to study the whole-body postural responses developed to maintain balance during quiet and perturbed stance, in conditions where somatosensory inputs from the lower limb muscles and plantar cutaneous receptors are altered by vibration. The first study showed that applying bilateral Achilles tendon vibration during quiet stance produces backwards leaning, characterized by changes in angular positions in the trunk, pelvis, hips, knees and ankles. Those changes are associated with modifications in the activation of muscles located away from the vibrated site. Moreover, the effects of vibration persisted after the end of vibration. The second study demonstrated that the amplitude of the balance reactions following support surface tilts can be increased or decreased depending on the magnitude of backward leaning caused by bilateral Achilles tendon vibration prior to the onset of the perturbation. The equilibrium reactions for tilts given during vibration involved changes in the peak angular excursions and muscle activity of the trunk, hips, knees and ankles. The last study showed that bilateral vibration of the plantar soles rearfoot regions produced a forward whole-body tilt with increased flexion in trunk, h.