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註釋Abstract: This book is a report about the influences on the behavior of American youth based on ten years of research by the author. The research studies, which included interviews of adolescents in ten high schools, focused on the following four areas: 1) the development and influence of school cultures, 2) effects of desegregation on the urban school, 3) interactions of youth in the community, and 4) examinations of the mediating and mentoring roles of adults in the social networks of youth. In the first chapter the author introduces the topic with background information on adolescent development, societal influences, and the author's research. The remaining chapters address the following topics: peer influences, family interactions, influence of the schools, the transition of youth into the labor market, pathways to crime, the search for self or identity, and the search for structure within the community. The author includes recommendations on how society can reduce the number of youth at risk by understanding the influences behind the actions of adolescents.