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註釋The Brazil reviewed in this book is a flourishing nation, and with a sustained economic development, its GDP increased approximately 50% between 2000 and 2010. Nowadays it possesses multiple initiatives to increase advanced human capital, and therefore reverse a limited scientific production, perhaps one of the anchors of its past as a producer of raw materials with no value added. It is also the 'B' within BRIC, an acronym that refers to Brazil, Russia, India, and China, countries which are considered at a similar stage in advanced economic development, although recent. However, it is also the BRIC country with the highest Gini index (53/100), meaning, with the greatest inequality between the incomes of its citizens, and has a literacy rate of only 91%, this data point us to an important social gap. This and other challenges are those which Brazil must face.