The present publication arises from the cooperation between the Institute of Production Technologies (IPT), belonging to the Faculty of Materials Science and Technology (MTF) of the Slovak University of Technology (STU) and TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD. For the fifth time, the book aims at publishing scientific achievements on the Materials Science and Production Technologies fields, as well as at enhancing the worldwide cooperation and recognition among young and senior academicians and/or practitioners. The book addresses trends in Materials Science and their application in industry, e.g.: composites and biomaterials, polymers, materials weldability, analysis of metals and alloys, numerical analyses and simulation of materials and etc. Most of these topics keep a direct relation to production technologies and systems and thus, always keeping a special focus on the used materials. The book also addresses some key production processes, technologies and systems.