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The Stable Fly

其他書名	How to Prevent Its Annoyance and Its Losses to Live Stock
出版	U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1920
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=lwkoAAAAYAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api
EBook	FULL_PUBLIC_DOMAIN

註釋"The acute pain produced by the insertion of the proboscis of the stable fly brings to any man a sudden realization that this biting insect is pointedly different from the house fly or typhoid fly, although hitherto his opinion had been that the two were identical. At times this fly become excessively abundant and occasions heavy losses among nearly all classes of live stock. Year in and year out it is a source of great annoyance, especially to horses and cattle, and is an all-to-common and persistent pest. The adult stable fly resembles the house fly, but is slightly broader and feeds principally on the blood of animals, which it draws with its long piercing mouth parts. It breeds in accumulations of various kinds of vegetable matter and also in manure, especially when the latter is mixed with straw. When straw stacks become wet soon after thrashing the flies breed in the decaying straw, and it is this set of conditions which produces the severe outbreaks. Spraying animals with repellents is not very satisfactory, but the numbers of stable flies can be kept down by caring properly for stable refuse an be stacking or otherwise disposing of straw as described in the subsequent pages of this bulletin."--Page [2].